Gut Health & Perimenopause
Gut health can have an impact on perimenopause, the transitional phase leading up to menopause. During perimenopause, hormonal fluctuations occur as a woman's body prepares for the cessation of menstruation. While the ovaries are primarily responsible for producing hormones, emerging research suggests that the gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms in the digestive system, can also influence hormone levels and overall well-being.
Hormone metabolism: The gut microbiota plays a role in metabolizing hormones, including oestrogen. Certain bacteria in the gut can produce an enzyme called beta-glucuronidase, which can reactivate oestrogen that has been metabolized by the liver and excreted into the intestines. This process, known as estrogen recirculation, can lead to higher levels of oestrogen in the body and contribute to hormonal imbalances during perimenopause. More about the estrobolome here.
Inflammation and immune function: The gut microbiota has a significant impact on immune function and inflammation regulation. Imbalances in the gut microbiota, such as an overgrowth of harmful bacteria or a decrease in beneficial bacteria, can lead to chronic inflammation. Inflammation is associated with various symptoms experienced during perimenopause, including hot flashes, mood swings, and weight gain.
Nutrient absorption and synthesis: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption and synthesis. As oestrogen levels decline during perimenopause, the body's ability to absorb and utilize certain nutrients may be affected. For example, decreased estrogen levels can impact calcium absorption, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis. Additionally, imbalances in gut bacteria can affect the production and absorption of vitamins and minerals essential for overall health and hormone regulation.
Mood and mental health: The gut-brain axis refers to the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. The gut microbiota influences the production and regulation of neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, which play a role in mood regulation. Hormonal changes during perimenopause can impact mood, and an unhealthy gut can further exacerbate mood swings, irritability, and anxiety.
No matter what approach you take to support your physical and mental health during this transition, your gut health can significantly impact how you transition through perimenopause. Assessing your stress, food, gut function and gut structure is going to be excellent supports to help you smoothly move through the stages of perimenopause.